Biolog has Additional Patent for Phenotype MicroArray™ Technology

Biolog, Inc. have announced that it has received another patent on its Phenotype MicroArray™ (PM) technology. The patent, number 6,472,201, is granted for comparative phenotypic analysis of two or more microorganisms using a number of substrates within a microwell device. This patent, along with other recently announced patents, extends the number of patents granted on the PM technology. The company has over 20 patents on its cellular assay technologies. . The PM technology has applications in multiple areas of research, ranging from basic research to high-throughput screening of chemical compounds against cells. Already working with a diverse list of microbial species including microbes used in antibiotic drug discovery, the technology is being extended to other cell lines.

This patent covers both methods and compositions for phenotypic analysis of eukaryotic (e.g., fungal and mammalian) as well as prokaryotic (e.g., eubacterial and archaebacterial) cells.

Organisms already tested in the PM technology include gram-negative bacteria Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium, Vibrio spp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Burkholderia cepacia, Ralstonia solanacearum, and Sinorhizobium meliloti. Gram-positive bacteria include Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus spp. Bacillus spp., and Listeria monocytogenes. Also well along in development are protocols for a wide variety of yeasts, such as Saccharomyces and Candida and filamentous fungi including pathogens such as Aspergillus spp. Phenotype MicroArrays are expected to become standard, essential tools for genomic-based drug development.


Phenotype MicroArrays represent a fundamental platform technology that allows scientists to easily and efficiently test hundreds to thousands of cellular traits. The technology has many uses, but the two most important uses are to determine the effect of genetic changes on cells and to determine the effect of drugs on cells. For example, many laboratories at both research universities and pharmaceutical/biotech companies want to understand the biological differences between harmless or beneficial strains of microbes and dangerous pathogenic strains of the same species. Genes involved in pathogenicity can be genetically knocked out or turned off via induction methods. The PMs are then used to compare the cell line with the genetic change and see how its physiological properties (phenotypes) have changed. This provides basic insight into the disease process and also validates potential new targets for antibiotics. The current focus of the company is to develop similar arrays that will work with human cells. The company also has an active technology-licensing program to use the current generation of PMs for development of anti-bacterial and anti-fungal drugs.